| Disorder with characteristics of varying degrees of deafness and minor defects in structures arising from neural crest, including pigmentation anomalies of eyes, hair, and skin. Clinical manifestations vary within and between families. Frequent clinical manifestations include congenital sensorineural deafness, heterochromic or hypoplastic blue irides, white forelock or early graying of the scalp hair before the age of 30 years. The disease is genetically heterogeneous. To date, mutations in 6 different genes have been identified: PAX3 (2q36.1), MITF (3p14-p13), SNAI2 (8q11.21), SOX10 (22q13.1), EDNRB (13q22.3), and EDN3 (20q13.32). |
