| A syndromic craniosynostosis with a wide range of clinical findings even within a single family. Most have coronal synostosis however synostosis of other sutures, all sutures, macrocephaly without craniosynostosis, or a normal skull may be observed. Bilateral coronal synostosis usually results in brachycephaly with temporal bossing and facial symmetry. Craniofacial findings include widely spaced eyes, ptosis or proptosis, strabismus, and high arched palate or cleft lip/palate. Over 70% of patients have some form of hearing loss. Additional extracranial manifestations include otitis media, brachydactyly, broad toes, broad thumbs, clinodactyly, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Caused by mutation in the FGFR3 gene (4p16.3), encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3, which is required for normal skeleton development. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. |
