| A form of familial primary hypomagnesemia characterized by recurrent urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, bilateral nephrocalcinosis, renal magnesium wasting, hypercalciuria and kidney failure. This disease is characterized by impaired tubular reabsorption of magnesium and calcium in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop due to mutations in CLDN16 (3q27), which encodes claudin-16 (previously known as paracellin 1). A significant residual function is observed in several missense mutations, whereas a complete loss of claudin-16 function appears to be more severe with disease presenting earlier and often progressing to kidney failure at a significantly younger age. Transmission is autosomal recessive. |
