| A range of disorders stemming from the single or repeated use of predominantly psychoactive substances, including certain medications. Initially, these substances provide pleasurable effects, encouraging further use. Over time, however, this can lead to dependence and severe mental and physical health issues. These disorders also cover harmful non-medical use of non-psychoactive substances. They result in significant impairment, exhibiting cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms, and persist despite adverse consequences, underscoring their complex and damaging impact. |
